数控机床的抗干扰问题和解决办法

 
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify;”>       一、干扰产生的原因：电火花机床利用高频放电对工件腐蚀加工，高频对智能纠错控制器产生干扰。干扰一般是指那些与信号无关的,在信号输入、传输和输出过程中出现的一些不确定的有害的电气瞬变现象。这些瞬变现象会使数控系统中的数据在传输过程中发生变化,增大误差,使局部装置或整个系统出现异常情况,引起故障。干扰源的产生主要有以下几种情况:
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”> 

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”>　　①电源干扰：由于电网覆盖范围广,存在多种设备共享一个电网,尤其是电网内部的变化,电源开关操作、雷击浪涌、大型电力设备起停、交直流传动装置引起的谐波、电网短路暂态冲击等,都通过输电线路传到电源原边,使电压暂变,导致电网电压波动。此外,电源线在传输过程也会产生噪声以及快速瞬变的脉冲串,污染电网。

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”> 

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”>　　②辐射干扰：电磁或电场在自然界中无处不在。工作中的电火花穿孔机除了受到电场的作用外还受到了磁场的作用。电火花穿孔机在运行过程中,由于工作环境的恶劣性,不可避免的会受到电磁干扰

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”> 

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”>　　③数字信号和模拟信号间的干扰：电火花穿孔机在工作过程中,由于整套设备涉及到的器件较多,既有AC380V、AC220V交流电信号,又有DV24V、DC5V的各种低压直流电信号。用来传递信号的电缆,在走线过程中,有时会由于模拟信号输出设备或由伺服驱动器或变频器产生的干扰引起误动作发生,影响设备的正常工作;用来传递I/O输入/输出信号的频率受到时钟频率和谐波干扰,加上线路走线不当,使数字信号线和模拟信号线不可避免的会受到外来干扰信号的干扰,各种信号线相互之间也会通过线间耦合等产生干扰。

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”> 

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”>　　二、抗干扰的措施：这些措施主要包括屏蔽、隔离、滤波、接地和软件处理等。

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”> 

<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;”>　　①屏蔽技术：屏蔽是目前采用zui多也是zui有效的一种方式。屏蔽技术切断辐射电磁噪声的传输途径通,常用金属材料或磁性材料把所需屏蔽的区域包围起来,使屏蔽体内外的场相互隔离,切断电磁辐射信号,以保护被屏蔽体免受干扰,屏蔽分为电场屏蔽、磁场屏蔽及电磁屏蔽。在实际工程应用时,对于电场干扰时,系统中的强电设备金属外壳(伺服驱动器、变频器、驱动器、开关电源、电机等)可靠接地实现主动屏蔽;敏感设备如智能纠错装置等外壳应可靠

（来源：网络）